In recent years, with the growth of residents' income and the continuous improvement of living standards, organic agriculture has become a high-frequency word, and organic food has become the first brand of some commercial supermarkets.
If a large supermarket does not sell organic food, it is like a fruit supermarket does not sell apples, this represents organic, healthy, green, environmentally friendly quality food is increasingly becoming a new choice for some people, after all, whether it is the present or the future, nothing is more important than health. The development of organic agriculture, production and development of organic agricultural products and food can meet this requirement.
What is organic farming?
In 1939, when the British agronomist Lord Northbourne first proposed the term "organic agriculture", he hoped that farms could not rely on external fertilizer input, but achieve material circulation and self-sufficiency within the system like organic life.
The mulberry fish pond often mentioned in our biology textbooks, using mulberry leaves to raise silkworms, using silkworm sand and silkworm pupae as fish feed, and then planting mulberry trees with pond mud filled with fish dung, is actually very consistent with the original concept of "organic agriculture".
In today's organic certification standards, the most essential difference between organic agriculture and conventional agriculture is that the use of genetically modified technology and synthetic pesticides, fertilizers, antibiotics, hormones, herbicides, additives, etc. is prohibited in the production process of organic agriculture.
Farmers selling insect-infested home-grown vegetables may indeed be free of pesticides, but they don't necessarily comply with all organic certification requirements, such as rural fields where soil and water are contaminated with heavy metals and fertilizers that can contaminate crops.
What are the characteristics of organic farming?
(1) It can provide the society with pollution-free, good taste, safe and environmentally friendly food, which is conducive to people's health and reduce the occurrence of diseases.
The large-scale application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, while greatly increasing the output of agricultural products, inevitably causes pollution to agricultural products, leaving hidden dangers for human survival and life. At present, the substantial increase in human diseases, especially in various types of cancer, is closely related to the pollution of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
In the past, some places appeared the phenomenon of "talking about food and color change". Organic agriculture does not use fertilizers, chemical pesticides, and other industrial waste that may cause pollution, urban waste, etc., so its products are very safe to eat, and the quality is good to protect human health.
(2) It can reduce environmental pollution and help restore ecological balance.
At present, the utilization rate of fertilizers and pesticides is very low, the general nitrogen fertilizer is only 20-40%, the adhesion rate of pesticides on crops is not more than 10-30%, and the rest flow into the environment causing pollution.
For example, a large number of fertilizers enter rivers and lakes to cause water eutrophication, affecting the survival of fish. While killing germs and pests, pesticides also increase the resistance of diseases and insects, killing beneficial organisms and some neutral organisms, resulting in rampant diseases and insects, making the amount of pesticides more and more, the number of applications more and more, entering a vicious circle. Switching to organic farming can reduce pollution and help restore ecological balance.
(3) can reduce carbon emissions, improve air and water quality
Organic agriculture bans chemical fertilizers and synthetic pesticides, does not destroy the ecological balance of soil, can increase soil organic matter, thereby increasing soil carbon storage, so that soil organic matter content to maintain a high level. At the same time, the emission of harmful gases such as helium and greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide are reduced.
In addition, organic farming can reduce the amount of mechanical work and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. It also effectively avoids the pollution of air and water flow by chemicals, thus protecting the ecological balance of the natural environment. By using natural organic fertilizers, soil water retention capacity and fertility can be effectively improved, thereby reducing the impact of sediment and pollutants from agricultural drainage on water quality.
(4) It will help improve the international competitiveness of our agricultural products and increase foreign exchange earnings.
With China's accession to the WTO, the role of agricultural products in international trade is increasingly small, but the production environment, planting methods and internal quality control of agricultural products is increasingly large (that is, the so-called non-tariff trade barriers), only high quality products can break the barriers.
Organic agricultural products are an internationally recognized high-quality, pollution-free environmental protection products, so the development of organic agriculture, improve the competitiveness of China's agricultural products in the international market, increase foreign exchange income.
(5) Help increase rural employment, farmers' income, and improve agricultural production.
Organic agriculture is a labor and knowledge intensive industry and a systematic project, which requires a large amount of labor input, as well as a large amount of knowledge and technology input, otherwise, especially the problem of disease and insects is difficult to solve, and a new concept is needed.
The price of organic agricultural food in the international market is usually 20-50% higher than that of conventional products, and some are more than twice as high. Therefore, the development of organic agriculture can increase rural employment, increase farmers' income, improve agricultural production level, and promote sustainable rural development.
The special significance of developing organic agriculture in China
(1) The philosophy of "harmony between nature and man" guides the development of organic agriculture
Organic agriculture is the crystallization of Chinese traditional culture and agricultural civilization. It originates from the philosophical thought of "the unity of nature and man". It relies on the tremendous power of nature to restore and improve the productivity of soil-plant system, rationally utilizes the "biological restraint" function between various production factors (including natural and man-made), fully mobilizes the potential of soil plants, inhibits the harm of diseases and pests, and protects against weather disasters. Use useful modern science and technology to make up for the deficiency of soil-plant system, and further improve the yield, stress resistance and quality of plants.
(2) China is a good example of how to solve the problem of food and clothing in a country with a large population and little land
With 7% of the world's land to feed 22% of the world's population, using modern science and technology to solve the problem of high yield on the basis of traditional agriculture, we have the unique advantage of combining traditional agriculture and modern agriculture. To solve the problem of food and clothing is still an urgent task for the development of world agriculture in the next period of time, high yield dominates the development direction of agriculture, while meeting the quantity and safety, and constantly achieve high quality, safety and nutrition, that is, first ensure food safety (quantity), and then ensure safe food (quality).
(3) China's organic agriculture is expected to become a universally accepted agricultural production standard system
With the rapid growth of the world population, more people and less land is the fundamental problem facing the world in the future. The new generation of organic agriculture production mode and production technology formed under the special condition of more people and less land in China has universal significance and is suitable for promotion in similar countries and regions. With the rapid development in the next few decades, China's strong economic and technological strength is more conducive to the promotion of a new generation of organic agriculture around the world (agricultural science and technology has been one of China's foreign aid projects for many years).
(4) The development of organic agriculture in China will make great contributions to human survival and security
The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations has issued a press release saying that the number of hungry people in the world will fall slightly this year to 925 million. This is the first time in 15 years that the number of hungry people in the world has fallen. But analysts say the world's hunger situation remains "unacceptable," with one child dying every six seconds from a hunger-related disease.
At present, there are still about 1 billion hungry people in the world, mainly in underdeveloped countries and developing countries. The new generation of organic agriculture can not only meet the basic requirements of the Chinese people to eat well, but also make great contributions to the survival and security of mankind.
The development of organic agriculture in our country
China's organic agriculture started in the 1990s, mainly plant products, animal products are relatively lacking, and wild collection products are growing rapidly. Among plant products, tea, beans and grain crops account for a large proportion; Organic tea, organic soybeans and organic rice have become the main export varieties of organic products in China.
According to the 2023 Organic Product Certification and Industry Development Report, by the end of 2022, 16,000 enterprises nationwide had obtained more than 26,000 organic product certification certificates. The number of issuance in 2022 increased by 99.8% compared to 2015.
China has become the fourth largest organic agricultural grower in the world, and the sales volume of organic products in China reached 87.76 billion yuan in 2022, ranking fourth in the world for many consecutive years.
In terms of green product certification, China has covered more than 90 kinds of products closely related to consumers such as electrical and electronic, washing supplies, kitchen and bathroom hardware, and issued a total of 24,000 green product certification certificates, involving 4,600 certified enterprises, becoming an important starting point to lead green consumption and accelerate industrial green transformation and upgrading, and inject green new momentum for high-quality development.
In terms of service certification, up to now, certification bodies with service certification qualifications have covered all 22 categories of the service industry, and have issued a total of 68,000 effective service certification certificates, and 45,000 certified enterprises, respectively, an increase of 12.3 times and 9.6 times in the five years of institutional reform, showing a leap-forward growth.
There is no doubt that with the improvement of people's health awareness and the increasing emphasis on food safety, the huge health food market carried by organic agriculture in the future will continue to break through the market share and become the daily choice of more and more people.
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